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The goal of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks is to make a service unavailable. This can be achieved by exploiting software vulnerabilities, overloading the system, or exhausting key resources such as CPU, memory, disk space, or network capacity. Whenever an attack results in a service becoming inaccessible, it is considered a DoS attack.

The difference between DoS (Denial of Service) and DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) lies in the number of sources from which the attack originates. While a classic DoS attack comes from a single device, a DDoS attack is launched from a distributed network of compromised machines — often including servers, computers, and even smart appliances. Modern DDoS attacks can involve tens or even hundreds of thousands of devices acting simultaneously.

In so-called Brain Denial-of-Service (BDoS) attacks, the attacker’s primary objective is not to disable the service itself, but to distract system administrators. While they focus on mitigating the visible overload, the attacker quietly executes their real mission elsewhere — such as data theft, system intrusion, or reconnaissance within the infrastructure. This is why intelligent detection and automatic mitigation are critical elements of modern protection systems.